American Pattern

Choosing an American Pattern File

Selecting the proper file for your application is essential if your going to achieve the desired result for your job. When selecting the proper file you most consider its shape, size, tooth type, and coarseness. The size and the coarseness of the file are directly related. Larger files will remove more stock but will also leave your project with a coarse finish, while smaller files will remove less stock, but will leave a finer, smoother finish.

Parts of the File

Coarseness

Kinds of Teeth

Shape

Parts of the File

Length is measured exclusive of tang, from point to heel,unless specified otherwise
Desired stroke length, type of material and size will determine length required

Kinds of Teeth

SINGLE-CUT

Single set of parallel, diagonal rows of teeth
Single-cut files are often used with light pressure to produce a smooth surface finish or to put a keen edge on knives, shears or saws

DOUBLE-CUT

2 sets of diagonal rows of teeth
Second set of teeth cut in opposite diagonal direction and on top of the first set
First set of teeth is known as the overcut, second is known as upcut
Upcut is finer than overcut
Double-cut file is used with heavier pressure than the single-cut and removes material faster from the workpiece

MAGICUT

Single cut teeth divided by angular serrations into shorter cutting edges, which free themselves readily from chips and perform roughing and smoothing at the same time

CURVED-CUT

Teeth arranged in curved contours across the file face
Curved-cut file is normally used in automotive body shops for smoothing body panels

RASP-CUT

Series of individual teeth which are formed by a single-pointed tool
Produces a rough cut that is used primarily on wood, hooves, aluminum and lead

Coarseness

Work to be accomplished, whether roughing or finishing, will determine type of teeth and coarseness for each application
Most American pattern files are available with 3 grades of cut: bastard-cut, second-cut and smooth-cut